Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav thawj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm UV- cov lim dej hauv dej hiav txwv, cov xuab zeb, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm ntau cov coral reefs nyob ib ncig ntawm cov kob ntawm Oahu, Hawaii. UV-filters yog cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub, tab sis kuj tau ntxiv rau ntau lwm yam khoom, suav nrog textile, plastics, thiab pleev xim rau tiv thaiv cov duab degradation. Lub UV- lim oxybenzone thiab octinoxate tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov neeg tsim cai lij choj hais txog lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau corals. Kev tshawb fawb yuav pab muab lub hauv paus rau kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo yav tom ntej.
Lub ntiaj teb corals tau poob loj heev nrog kev hem thawj loj los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias vim yog kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab kab mob. Cov kev hem thawj tshiab los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg nyob hauv dej hiav txwv yog thaj chaw muaj kev txhawj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze thaj chaw coral reef uas muaj - cov neeg coob coob, kev ncig xyuas, lossis kev ua si lom zem.
Kev kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (xws li, UV-filters) hauv thaj chaw dej hiav txwv tau ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov pob zeb reefs. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tsawg heev ntawm lawv qhov chaw ib puag ncig hauv dej hiav txwv ze coral reefs hauv Hawaii. Txhawm rau pab daws cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science thiab University of Maryland, Baltimore County cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm 13 UV lim, suav nrog oxybenzone thiab octinoxate, hauv dej hiav txwv, sediment, thiab coral ntaub so ntswg. Lwm cov tshuaj organic (xws li sucralose thiab surfactants, hluavtaws cov tshuaj hormones thiab polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs) kuj tau txheeb xyuas hauv txoj kev tshawb no.
"Our study vastly expands the current body of scientific data needed to assess the environmental risk of these chemicals to corals. This data can be used in conjunction with future toxicological studies to estimate environmental risk to corals and other species," said study lead Carys Mitchelmore of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Her research expertise focuses on understanding how contaminants and other environmental stressors interact with and impact organisms, especially sensitive species like corals.
Cov chaw kawm tau raug xaiv los sawv cev rau cov kev xav sib txawv ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm UV- lim los ntawm lub nroog, kev ua si, thiab kev ncig ua si, thiab suav nrog cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi kub- qhov chaw Waikiki Beach thiab Kaneohe Bay, qhov chaw nrov rau dej{{ 2}} raws li kev ua si lom zem. Txoj kev tshawb no yog thawj zaug los nthuav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm UV- cov lim dej hauv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab tshaj tawm tias muaj tsawg kawg yog 8 qhov sib txawv UV- lim dej hauv ntug dej hiav txwv, sediment, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm Hawaii.
Txoj kev tshawb no pom tsawg, qhov chaw ib trillion, seawater concentrations ntawm oxybenzone ntawm 19 qhov chaw kawm, nrog rau feem ntau qhov chaw (12 ntawm 19) qhia tsawg tshaj li 10 feem ntawm trillion (los yog 10 ng / L). (Ib feem ntawm ib trillion yog qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ntxiv 10 tee rau hauv ib lub chaw ncaws pob zoo ib yam li Rose Bowl uas muaj dej.) Qhov siab tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj neeg coob, nrog rau 136 qhov chaw ib trillion pom ntawm Waikiki. Puam chaw. Tsis tau ntsuas qib ntawm octinoxate tau pom nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov qauv dej hiav txwv.
"Overall, the impacts of oxybenzone and octinoxate to intact corals occur at much higher concentrations than this study found in seawater near coral reefs. Currently, there are only five studies that have looked at the toxicity of oxybenzone and/or octinoxate to corals, so much more research on the toxicity to corals is needed," said Mitchelmore.
The study also shows that surfactant (i.e. detergent) degradation products are in seawater around the reefs, especially at Waikiki Beach, which may also impact corals. "Corals are faced with multiple stressors, and it is challenging to determine which chemicals are at concentrations in the environment that cause harm to the reefs," she said.
"We currently face huge challenges to protect our coastal and oceanic ecosystems," said Mitchelmore. "Much more research is needed to determine the risk of UV-filters to corals. Scientists from academia, government, and industry need to work together to conduct additional monitoring and toxicology studies so that management and policy decisions can determine what are the priority stressors and contaminants of concern most damaging to reefs."
The paper "Occurrence and distribution of UV-filters and other anthropogenic contaminants in coastal surface water, sediment, and coral tissue from Hawaii" was recently published in Science of the Total Environment by Carys Mitchelmore, Michael Gonsior, and Andrew Heyes of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and Lee Blaney, Ke He, Ethan Hain and Anna Feerick of University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
